Spain’s Tourism Boom Meets Heightened Caution

Spain continues to be one of the world’s most beloved travel destinations, drawing millions with its rich history, vibrant cities, and Mediterranean charm. In 2024, the country welcomed nearly 84 million international visitors, making it the second most-visited country globally, just behind France. This surge in tourism contributed significantly to Spain’s economy, generating over €108 billion in travel-related revenue according to Spain’s Ministry of Industry, Trade and Tourism.

However, as of September 2025, the U.S. State Department maintains a Level 2 travel advisory for Spain, urging travelers to “exercise increased caution.” This advisory reflects ongoing concerns about terrorism threats, civil unrest, and localized safety issues. Spain now shares this advisory level with other major destinations such as France, Germany, and Mexico, highlighting a broader trend in global travel safety awareness.

Why the Advisory Remains in Place

The Level 2 advisory is not arbitrary, it’s based on real and ongoing risks that travelers should be aware of. The two primary concerns are terrorism and civil unrest, both of which have seen notable developments in recent months.

Terrorism Threats in Major Cities

Spain’s major urban centers particularly Madrid, Barcelona, and Seville remain under close watch due to their high tourist traffic and symbolic significance. According to the U.S. State Department’s May 2025 update, terrorist groups continue to plot attacks that could occur with little or no warning. These attacks may target:

• Tourist attractions and landmarks
• Transportation hubs such as airports and train stations
• Markets and shopping malls
• Government buildings and embassies
• Hotels, restaurants, and clubs
• Places of worship and educational institutions
• Major sporting and cultural events

In July 2025, the U.S. naval base in Rota, located in Cádiz province, raised its terror alert level after intercepted communications suggested it could be targeted in a jihadist attack. The Pentagon confirmed that encrypted messages referenced the base’s missile defense systems, prompting increased security measures and public concern.

While Spain has not experienced a major terrorist attack since the Barcelona van attack in 2017, intelligence agencies warn that the threat remains persistent, especially during high-profile events and holidays.

Civil Unrest and Anti-Tourism Sentiment

Spain’s tourism boom has also sparked social tensions, particularly in cities overwhelmed by visitor numbers. In Barcelona, Valencia, and the Canary Islands, locals have staged protests against what they call “excessive tourism.” These demonstrations often coincide with peak travel seasons, increasing the risk of disruption for visitors.

In December 2024, over 3,000 residents marched through Barcelona’s streets, symbolically closing hotels and restaurants to protest overcrowding and rising housing costs. Similar protests have occurred in Mallorca, Seville, and Malaga, where locals blame short-term rentals and tourism-driven inflation for making housing unaffordable.

These demonstrations are typically peaceful but can escalate, especially when met with police intervention. Tourists caught in the middle may experience delays, rerouted transportation, or even confrontations. The advisory urges travelers to avoid protests, monitor local news, and follow instructions from authorities.

Impact on Spain’s Tourism Industry

Despite safety concerns, Spain’s tourism sector remains robust. The country’s diverse offerings from the Alhambra in Granada to the beaches of Costa Brava continue to attract millions. However, the advisory has led to subtle but measurable shifts in traveler behavior.

Changing Travel Patterns

Recent data from Booking.com and Skyscanner shows that travelers are increasingly opting for:

• Less crowded regions such as Galicia, Asturias, and Extremadura
• Off-peak travel during shoulder seasons (April–May and September–October)
• Rural escapes and eco-tourism experiences over urban sightseeing

These changes reflect a growing desire for safety, authenticity, and sustainability. Tourists are also more likely to purchase comprehensive travel insurance, including coverage for civil unrest and trip cancellations.

Industry Response

Spain’s tourism industry is adapting to these shifts by:

• Enhancing security at major attractions and transport hubs
• Promoting lesser-known destinations to ease pressure on hotspots
• Collaborating with local governments to address community concerns

According to the Spanish Tourism Board, initiatives like “Spain Beyond the Cities” aim to redirect tourism to rural and coastal areas, preserving urban infrastructure and improving visitor experience.

A Global Trend in Travel Safety

Spain’s advisory is part of a broader global trend. In 2025, countries like France, Germany, and China have also faced increased scrutiny due to terrorism threats, political unrest, and public protests. Travelers are more cautious than ever, prioritizing safety when choosing destinations.

What This Means for Travelers

• More Research: Tourists are spending more time reviewing advisories, reading travel forums, and checking local news.
• Flexible Bookings: Airlines and hotels are offering more flexible cancellation policies to accommodate changing conditions.
• Insurance Uptake: Demand for travel insurance has risen by 18% year-over-year, according to Allianz Travel, with coverage for civil unrest and medical emergencies topping the list.

Governments are responding by:

• Increasing security budgets
• Launching traveler safety apps
• Improving public communication and transparency

These efforts aim to reassure visitors and maintain tourism revenue while addressing legitimate safety concerns.

Navigating Spain Safely in 2025

Despite the advisory, Spain remains a dream destination for millions. With proper planning and awareness, travelers can enjoy its rich culture, cuisine, and landscapes safely.

Safety Tips for Visitors

1. Stay Informed
• Enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) to receive real-time alerts from the U.S. Embassy.
• Follow local news and social media for updates on protests or disruptions.
2. Avoid High-Risk Areas
• Steer clear of demonstrations and politically sensitive zones.
• Be cautious in crowded public venues, especially during holidays or major events.
3. Respect Local Customs
• Understand cultural norms and avoid behaviors that may be seen as disrespectful.
• Learn basic Spanish phrases to improve communication and show courtesy.
4. Secure Your Belongings
• Pickpocketing remains common in tourist areas. Use anti-theft bags and stay alert.
• In 2023, Spain reported over 125,000 incidents of pickpocketing, with hotspots including La Rambla in Barcelona, Puerta del Sol in Madrid, and Seville’s historic center.
5. Have a Contingency Plan
• Know the location of your embassy or consulate.
• Keep digital and physical copies of important documents.

Looking Ahead: Spain’s Tourism Future

Spain’s ability to balance tourism growth with public safety and community well-being will shape its future as a global travel leader.

Government Initiatives

Sustainable Tourism: Spain’s Strategic Shift Toward Eco-Conscious Travel

Spain has emerged as a European leader in sustainable tourism in 2025, aligning its national strategy with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and responding to growing global demand for responsible travel. According to the Turespaña Market Studies 2025, Spain’s approach integrates environmental preservation, cultural heritage protection, and inclusive economic growth.

Key initiatives include the development of eco-conscious cultural routes, promotion of “slow travel,” and expansion of rural tourism in regions like Galicia, Castilla y León, and Extremadura. These efforts aim to reduce overtourism in hotspots like Barcelona and Madrid, where infrastructure strain and resident dissatisfaction have become pressing issues. Spain’s Ministry of Tourism reports that rural tourism bookings increased by 12% in the first half of 2025, indicating a shift in traveler preferences toward nature-based and community-centered experiences.

The OECD’s 2024 report on Spanish tourism sustainability highlights that regions such as Andalusia and Valencia are actively using sustainability indicators to monitor tourism’s environmental and social impact. These include metrics on water usage, carbon emissions, and cultural site preservation. Spain’s commitment to sustainability is not just policy, it’s becoming a competitive advantage, especially among Gen Z travelers, 38% of whom now prioritize eco-friendly accommodations.

Community Engagement: Addressing Housing and Infrastructure Challenges

Spain’s booming tourism industry has brought economic benefits, but also intensified housing and infrastructure pressures, particularly in urban centers. In response, local governments are ramping up community engagement efforts to address these challenges head-on. A 2025 study by the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya found that 1 in 4 Spaniards now cite housing as one of the country’s most urgent problems.

The rise of short-term rentals through platforms like Airbnb has exacerbated the crisis. In cities like Barcelona and Palma de Mallorca, rents have increased by up to 80% over the past decade, pushing locals out of their neighborhoods and fueling public protests. In a bold move, Spain’s Consumer Rights Ministry ordered the removal of over 65,000 illegal Airbnb listings in 2024, citing violations of licensing and ownership transparency. Barcelona has gone further, announcing plans to ban all 10,000 of its short-term rentals by 2028.

To mitigate the housing shortage, researchers from the NOUTUR group at UOC propose converting tourist apartments into social housing. Their study suggests that many property owners would consider joining subsidized rental schemes if offered financial incentives and community support. Meanwhile, the Bank of Spain estimates that 1.5 million social rental dwellings are needed to meet EU housing standards, a gap that underscores the urgency of reform.

Infrastructure upgrades are also underway. Cities are investing in public transport, waste management, and green spaces to accommodate both residents and tourists. These efforts reflect a growing recognition that tourism must coexist with livable cities and that community well-being is central to long-term sustainability.

Security Enhancements: Reinforcing Safety in Spain’s Tourist Hubs

In light of ongoing global security concerns, Spain has significantly enhanced its safety protocols for travelers in 2025. The Ministry of the Interior launched “Operation Summer,” deploying over 4,000 additional police officers and Guardia Civil personnel across nine high-tourism regions, including Andalusia, Madrid, the Balearic Islands, and the Canary Islands. This brings the total number of officers assigned to public safety units to more than 56,000 nationwide.

These reinforcements include specialized air units (helicopters and drones), dog handlers, mobile brigades, and cavalry patrols. Surveillance has been intensified at airports, train stations, beaches, hotels, and campsites locations identified as high-risk zones for petty crime and potential terrorist activity. The national terrorism alert level remains “high,” prompting increased vigilance during major events and holidays.

Spain has also introduced ten Mobile Pilgrim Assistance Offices (OMAP) along the Camino de Santiago, offering real-time support and safety information to hikers. In addition, a multilingual awareness campaign has been rolled out via apps and social media, educating tourists on local customs, emergency contacts, and how to avoid scams and pickpocketing.

These measures are not just reactive, they’re part of a broader strategy to maintain Spain’s reputation as a safe and welcoming destination. According to the National Statistics Institute (INE), Spain saw a 5.7% increase in international arrivals in Q1 2025, surpassing 17.1 million visitors. The government’s proactive stance on security is helping to sustain this growth while ensuring that both locals and tourists feel protected.